Text and images
© Jeremy Cook 1997–2008
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New in version
3.41 (May 2011)
Version
3.41 has exactly the same learning content as 2.41 but it has
been adapted and recompiled to run under the latest version of
ToolBook (10.5).
This
makes it compatible with the most recent Microsoft Windows operating
systems, including 64-bit Windows 7, which is increasingly being
marketed to the public as a general-purpose operating system,
despite not being backwards-compatible with much classic Windows
software.
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New in
Versions 2.40/2.41:-
- Gametogenesis,
fertilization and the early embryo
Revisions to main pages, more-boxes, glossary entries and references
on oogenesis and spermatogenesis, fertilization, the blastocyst,
implantation and body axis determination, the germ-line, conception
and contraception, and monozygotic twinning.
Includes new laparoscopic images of
spontaneous human ovulation, and new notes and/or references on
protamines, sperm chemotaxis, meiotic arrest, sperm–egg interaction,
mucus and fertility, implantation mechanisms and signalling, inner
cell mass differentiation, the role of nodal cilia in determining
body axis asymmetry, genomic imprinting, primordial germ cell induction
and migration, pluripotency and embryonic stem cells, X-inactivation,
senescence and the control of telomere length, monozygotic twin
differences and the embryo in UK law.
- Shared events
– the primitive cloaca and urogenital ducts
Revisions and new references in respect of paramesonephric duct
formation.
- Development
by region and system
New notes and/or references in respect of branching morphogenesis,
lung problems in renal agenesis, vascular patterning and the roles
of Hox genes.
- Topic overviews
– the embryology of speech and hearing
New pages, images, More-boxes, glossary entries, references
and additional material for lip, gum and tooth development.
- Preimplantation
genetic diagnosis
A revision by Professor Joy Delhanty, including new diagnostic
capabilities and new references to age-related aneuploidy, senescence,
the control of telomere length and PGD review articles.
New
in Version 2.3:-
- Development by region and system : the developing
nervous system
The basics of neurulation; Cell division and migration; Alar
and basal plates; Spinal ganglia; Spinal roots and nerves; Autonomic
neurons; Cranial ganglia; Coverings of the brain and spinal cord;
Brain regionalization and folding; Anomalies of the nervous system.
Plus minor enhancements and research updates in many other sections.
New
in Version 2.2:-
- Development by region and system : the developing
special sense organs
The olfactory neurons and nerve; The optic vesicle and cup;
The lens placode, pit and vesicle; The ciliary body, iris, outer
coats etc.; The developing neural retina; Anomalies of eye development;
The developing inner ear; The middle ear and auditory tube; The
outer ear; Anomalies of the ear.
- Development by region and system : the developing
cardiovascular system
The primitive cardiovascular system; Embryonic vascular templates;
The early embryonic heart; Division of the atrioventricular canal;
Septation of the primitive atrium; Septation of the ventricle and
outflow tract; remodelling of the venous system; Lymphatics; Vascular
anomalies; The circulation in the fetus and at birth.
New
in Version 2.1:-
- Shared events
that span systems : the primitive cloaca and urogenital ducts
Making sense of the cloaca; The cloacal plate and urorectal septum;
The urogenital and anal membranes; The mesonephros and its ducts;
The paramesonephric ducts; Anomalies of the cloaca and ducts.
- Development
by region and system : the developing digestive system Origins
of the primitive gut; Development of the foregut; The liver and
biliary system; The pancreas and spleen; Foregut anomalies; Development
of the midgut; Midgut anomalies; Development of the hindgut; Hindgut
anomalies.
- Development
by region and system : the developing excretory system Links
to Cloaca and ducts; Formation of the ureteric ducts;
The metanephric cap and its role; Branching of the ureteric buds;
Ascent of the metanephric kidneys; The developing urinary bladder;
Anomalies of the excretory system.
- Development
by region and system : the developing reproductive system Links
to Germ Line; Links to Cloaca and ducts;
Summary of the two duct systems; Duct/gonad interactions in the
male; Duct/gonad interactions in the female; Shaping the external
genitalia; The gubernaculum and peritoneum; Anomalies of the reproductive
system.
New
in Version 2.0:-
Topic overviews in development
A new, fourth entry under this heading integrates several topics of
particular interest to students of Speech and Language Therapy.
- Parts of speech: the embryology of speech and
hearing Making sense of the embryonic head; The pharynx
in the early embryo; The tongue and the thyroid gland; The respiratory
tract; The pouches, arteries and cartilages; The larynx; The salivary
glands; The pharyngeal clefts; The face, nasal cavities and sinuses;
The upper lip and palate; The jaws and skull bones; The inner, middle
and outer ear.
New
in Version 1.3:-
Schematic for weeks 5 to 38
Complements the Timetable for weeks 1 to 4 and gives access
to three new fully-illustrated topics, each providing crucial background
to the development of more than one organ system.
- The organization of somitic derivatives
Origin and subdivision of somites; Derivatives of dermomyotome
and sclerotome; Segmentation of spinal nerves; Intersegmental basis
of vertebrae; Ossification of vertebrae and ribs; Anomalies.
- The body cavities and diaphragm Formation
and folding of the coelom; The pericardio-peritoneal canals, pericardial
cavity and pleural cavities; Final subdivision of the coelom; Completion
and innervation of the diaphragm; Anomalies.
- The organization of the primitive pharynx
The pharynx in the early embryo; Components of the primitive
pharynx; The stomodaeum and Rathkes pouch; The tongue; The
thyroid gland; The respiratory tract; The pharyngeal pouches; The
pharyngeal arch arteries; The pharyngeal cartilages; The pharyngeal
clefts; Anomalies.
Conception
and Contraception
Extends The Germ Line to include an overview of key steps
in fertility, showing how these are relevant to the understanding of
clinical infertility and to contraceptive strategy, now and in future.
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